Historically, Siddhars were polymaths—saints, scientists, doctors, alchemists, and poets—who made significant contributions to various fields, including medicine, spirituality, and the arts. They are credited with developing the Siddha system of medicine, one of India's oldest traditional healing systems, which utilizes herbs, minerals, and yogic practices 

Siddhars documented their knowledge in Tamil poems inscribed on palm leaf manuscripts. These texts cover a wide range of subjects, from spiritual insights to medical treatments, and are preserved in various institutions and families in Tamil Nadu and beyond.

The 18 Siddhars

The Tamil Siddha tradition recognizes a lineage of 18 principal Siddhars, each renowned for unique contributions to spirituality and science. Some notable figures include:

• Agastya: Considered the first and foremost Siddhar, Agastya is revered for his profound knowledge of both the natural and spiritual worlds .

• Bogar: A master alchemist known for his work in transforming base metals into gold and creating elixirs of immortality . Om Spiritual Shop  

• Pambatti Siddhar: Famous for his poetic works addressing snakes and his attainment of the eight supernatural powers called 'Ashtamasiddhi' through intense penance.

These Siddhars are believed to have achieved Ashta Siddhis—eight supernatural powers—including the abilities to become infinitely small (aṇimā), infinitely large (mahima), weightless (laghimā), and to control natural forces (īśiṭva).

Cultural and Spiritual Significance

In Tamil Nadu, Siddhars are venerated not only for their spiritual accomplishments but also for their practical contributions to society. Their teachings continue to influence various aspects of Tamil culture, including medicine, martial arts, and spiritual practices. Many sites associated with Siddhars, such as caves and temples, are considered sacred and attract pilgrims seeking spiritual guidance and healing.